Why do we need to do regular screenings for cancer detection?

 

The Importance of Regular Screenings for Cancer Detection in Ghana

Cancer is becoming an increasing health burden in Ghana, but the best weapon against this condition is early detection. When cancer is caught early, it is usually easier to treat successfully. Regular screenings for cancers, such as breast, cervical, or prostate cancer, can help detect tumors in their early stages when treatment is most effective.

In this post, we will explore why regular cancer screenings are crucial, the types of screenings available in Ghana, and how those with limited resources can access these life-saving services.

Why Are Routine Screenings Necessary?

In Ghana, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer are the most common cancers affecting women and men, respectively, according to the Ghana Health Service (GHS). However, access to regular screenings remains limited for many, especially in rural areas. Early detection through screenings is vital in reducing cancer-related deaths and improving overall survival rates. By identifying cancer early, treatments are more likely to be effective and less aggressive, potentially leading to better outcomes.

Common Types of Cancer Screenings in Ghana

Given the limited resources in some parts of Ghana, it’s essential to focus on the most common and accessible cancer screenings. Here are the main types:

1. Breast Cancer Screenings (Clinical Breast Exam and Mammograms)

While mammography services are not available everywhere, clinical breast exams (CBE) are widely accessible. In a CBE, healthcare providers such as nurses or doctors manually examine the breasts for lumps or abnormalities. The Ghana Ministry of Health recommends that women aged 40 and above should undergo annual breast exams.

2. Cervical Cancer Screenings (Pap Smear and VIA)

In rural areas where Pap smears are not readily available, Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is a more affordable and effective alternative. VIA involves applying diluted vinegar to the cervix to detect abnormal cells. This test is widely available in district hospitals and health centers across Ghana. Women aged 21 to 65 should be screened every 3 to 5 years.

3. Prostate Cancer Screening (PSA Test)

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths among Ghanaian men. The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test can detect prostate cancer early. Men aged 40 and above, especially those with a family history of prostate cancer, should consider getting screened regularly.

4. Colorectal Cancer Screening (FOBT)

While colonoscopy is not readily available in many parts of Ghana, the Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT), which checks for hidden blood in the stool, is a cost-effective alternative. This test can help detect colorectal cancer early and is offered in some hospitals and clinics.

How to Access Screenings in Ghana

Access to cancer screening services can be challenging, especially in rural areas. However, there are still ways to access these services:

• Government Health Facilities: Many government hospitals and district health centers provide basic screening services like VIA and clinical breast exams. Some also offer mammograms and PSA testing, although availability may be limited.
• Mobile Clinics: The Ghana Health Service often partners with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to offer free or low-cost screenings through mobile clinics. These clinics visit remote areas to provide essential cancer screenings for those who may not have access to healthcare facilities.
• NGO Programs: Organizations such as the Cancer Society of Ghana and Peace and Love Hospitals offer free or subsidized cancer screenings. These NGOs also focus on raising awareness and educating communities, particularly in underserved regions.
• Health Insurance: The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana covers some cancer screening services, including clinical breast exams and PSA tests. While the NHIS does not yet cover mammograms or Pap smears in all regions, it is advisable to check with your local NHIS office for available services.

Overcoming Financial Barriers

Financial challenges are a significant barrier for many Ghanaians seeking healthcare. However, there are ways to make cancer screenings more affordable:

• Seek Subsidized or Free Screenings: Look out for government initiatives or NGO campaigns that offer free cancer screenings, particularly during awareness events like Breast Cancer Awareness Month (October) or World Cancer Day (February 4th).
• Use Local Health Centers: Local district health centers and community clinics often provide more affordable services than larger hospitals.
• Join Health Insurance: Enrolling in the NHIS can reduce healthcare costs and provide access to basic screening services, although coverage for certain tests may be limited.

Final Thoughts

Regular cancer screenings are crucial for saving lives, especially in Ghana, where late-stage diagnoses are common. By taking advantage of available resources, staying informed, and seeking regular screenings, Ghanaians can reduce their risk of developing advanced-stage cancer. Early detection is key, and even with limited resources, steps can be taken to protect your health and the health of your loved ones.

If you have any concerns about your health or need more information on where to get screened, speak to a healthcare provider today.

Sources:

• Ghana Health Service. “National Strategy for Cancer Control in Ghana.” Retrieved from GHS.
• Peace and Love Hospitals. “Breast Cancer Awareness and Screening Programs.” Retrieved from Peace and Love Hospitals.
• National Health Insurance Scheme. “Benefits Package.” Retrieved from NHIS.
• Cancer Society of Ghana. “Cancer Awareness and Screening Initiatives.” Retrieved from CSG.
• World Health Organization. “Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in Ghana.” Retrieved from WHO.